This is the final result of many years of interdisciplinary research activity involving the cutting edge aspects of analytical chemistry, chemical engineering, materials engineering, device physics, electrochemistry, electronics, biochemistry. I would really like to thank all the colleagues and friends with whom I shared this adventurous journey. My heartfelt gratitude goes to my mentor Luisa Torsi, Ronald Österbacka, Gaetano Scamarcio, Cecilia Sahlgren, Fabrizio Torricelli, Maria Chironna, Pasquale Saldarelli, Laura Hellsten, Irene Esposito, and all the colleagues from Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro and Åbo Akademi . Thanks Helen Cooper and Francesca De Noto for your invaluable support and assistance.
Last thanks to my family, “Thy firmness makes my circle just, and makes me end where I begun”!
